2019志成研学 | 大漠寻丝路,刹下习古今——高一甘肃圆满收官
7日的时间,我们一行31人,来到广袤的西北大地,穿梭在1600公里的甘肃省,行走在兰州、张掖、嘉峪关、敦煌等地。
Day 1: 出发
3月31日中午,师生31人聚集在北京西站北广场,坐上通往兰州的火车。开启这6天5晚的西北之旅。虽然北广场前刮着凛冽的大风,但我们却兴高采烈,慷慨激昂,乘坐上通往兰州的火车。旅途中,同学们或研讨课题、或识记单词、或备战托福,丝毫不见懈怠。
Day 2: 兰州 甘肃省博物馆 兰州分院
4月1日早,坐了十六个小时火车的同学们,刚下火车便被西北兰州地域文化所吸引。清晨,一碗兰州拉面温暖了全身后,我们来到了甘肃省博物馆,参观420余件系统反映古丝绸之路的文物展品。驼铃阵阵,羌笛悠悠,丝绸之路跨越了无垠的戈壁,漫漫的沙漠,险阻的山脉,把中国文明、印度文明、两合文明、罗马文明连接在一起,将古代中国推上国际舞台。在西北开放开发的今天,这条千年古道将重新焕发青春的魅力。
Day 3:张掖丹霞地质公园
4月2日,我们来到中国丹霞地貌发育最大最好、地貌造型最丰富的地区——张掖七彩丹霞。我们登上观景台,欣赏色彩斑斓、气势蓬勃的丹霞地貌,领略它“色如渥丹,灿若云霞”的瑰丽景观。
Day 4:嘉峪关与鸣沙山
4月3日上午,我们来到素有“河西重镇”、“边陲之钥”之称的嘉峪关。我们聆听着讲解员的介绍,走进这百年关城,遥看远处的巍峨黑山,理解它作为军事要塞的战略意义。
下午,我们驱车前往本次西北之行的重要地点敦煌。蔚蓝的天空下,鸣沙山流露着难以言喻的静谧。我们一鼓作气爬上山丘顶处,眺望远处一望无际的沙漠,探寻千年未曾干涸的月牙泉。
Day 5:敦煌研究院
4月4日,我们来到敦煌研究院,在敦煌专家的带领下进行课题研究,深入了解敦煌石窟营造、壁画保护修复、临摹工艺、文物数字化采集的研究进展情况,并且制作答辩PPT,进行汇报。
Day 6:莫高窟与阳关遗址
4月5日,我们来到莫高窟、阳关和沙洲夜市。在莫高窟,我们看到那虽经历千年但仍保存完整的壁画和雕塑,不禁要感谢缔造它们的工匠,也感谢那些在莫高窟将保护敦煌壁画工作作为毕生使命的敦煌研究院专家们。虽然工匠和研究员们所在的年代相差千年,但他们的工匠精神却是一脉相承。为了一件事皓首穷经,精益求精,奉献一生的精力,这才是我们中国自古以来的工匠精神。
在阳关,我们体会到了“西出阳关无故人”的真谛,原先的阳关已深埋于地下,残留的只有一个烽火台,这烽火台似乎像一个孤独的卫士,守卫着祖国的疆界。我们不禁想到,在两千年前,一代代将士也是这样,为了祖国的和平与安宁,远离妻儿,戍守于大漠之中。从霍去病到左宗棠,一代代将士为了保卫和平的使命前赴后继,这着实是让我们为之敬佩的。
从莫高窟到阳关,我们能够感受到的,不仅仅是古人高超的技艺,更能感受到的是那汉唐以来的中华民族的民族精神。
——苏羿文
Day 7: 体验兰州拉面制作工艺
课题成果
1. 敦煌工匠与石窟营造2. 敦煌工匠与石窟营造
由于西北地区的风沙侵蚀和恶劣的自然条件,许多壁画被损坏。再加上每年集中时期巨大的游客量,这些古董的完整程度日益下降。有些壁画上,会有盐的存在,有的时候我们会发现壁画产生局部不协调的情况。通过观察分析,我们发现在甘肃 地上建筑普遍西北面磨损严重。气象上来看,这来源于长期刮西北风的风化作用,并且在已有缝隙的接触面上,有些植物会向深层生根,这也导致了材料的崩塌和断裂。我们从生物,有机化学和材料实验室分别了解到该如何去保护和修复这些壁画,从而达到这些世界文化遗产能更好的保存下来。
Many of the murals were damaged due to sand erosion and poor natural conditions in the northwest. Combined with the huge number of visitors each year during the concentration period, the integrity of these antiques is declining day by day. On some of the murals, there will be salt, and sometimes we will find that there is a local inconsistency in the murals. Through observation and analysis, we found that the above - ground buildings in gansu generally northwest wear seriously. Meteorologically, this comes from the weathering action of long-term northwest wind, and on the contact surface of existing cracks, some plants will take root to the deep layer, which also leads to the collapse and fracture of materials. We learned from the biological, organic chemistry and materials laboratories how to protect and repair these murals, so as to achieve better preservation of these world cultural heritage.
课题3:敦煌壁画临摹工艺探究
莫高窟根据联合国教科文组织“世界文化遗产”,于1987年12月备选入《世界文化遗产名录》。莫高窟地处丝绸之路,不仅是战略要点,还是宗教文化和知识的交汇之处,展示了延续前年的佛教艺术。敦煌壁画展现了古人对于艺术的追求和向往,同时也告诫后代在没有信息的情况下,人类可以用心做一件事,没有不能完成的。
Mogao grottoes was selected into the world cultural heritage list in December 1987 according to UNESCO's "world cultural heritage list". Mogao grottoes, located on the silk road, is not only a strategic point, but also a place where religion, culture and knowledge converge, displaying buddhist art that continues from the year before. The dunhuang murals show the ancient people's pursuit and yearning for art, and at the same time, they also warn the future generations that without information, human beings can do one thing with their hearts and accomplish nothing.
课题4:敦煌壁画文物数字化采集
在敦煌研究院,我们有了一个新的课题,文物数字化科学探究,于我们而言,这是个完全陌生却意义深远的领域,经过专家讲解、资料查阅后,我们了解到,因为文物经过时间的推移会损坏消逝,文物数字化指将文物转化为虚拟的电子形式使其得以永久保留,意在最大化的使文物得以存留,也可以使观众在世界的任何一个角落都可以欣赏到中华文化的瑰宝。现今的文物数字化技术大致分为三类,平面数字化、三维复原、动画复原技术。设备在不断完善,技术在不断革新,工作团队也需要不断的重新进行复原。敦煌莫高窟内有壁画、彩塑、雕像,现存石窟735座,目前已完成两百余座的数字化。
In Dun Huang research institute, we have a new project, cultural relics digital science inquiry, for us, this is a complete stranger but significant areas, after experts explain, references, we know that because of the cultural relics after the passage of time can damage, cultural relics refers to the cultural relics can be converted to digital virtual electronic form allowing it to keep forever, to maximize the heritage might be, also can make the audience in the world any one corner can appreciate the treasure of the Chinese culture. Today's cultural relic digitization technologies can be roughly divided into three categories, namely, plane digitization, 3d reconstruction and animation reconstruction. The equipment is improving, the technology is improving, and the team needs to recover. There are murals, painted sculptures and statues in the mogao grottoes of Dun Huang.
课题5:明朝长城防御系统建设与现今互联网长城建设的对比研究 ——以嘉峪关与境外信息为例
我们组通过个案研究法与文献法以嘉峪关和境外信息为切入点,对比分析明长城防御体系和当今中国互联网长城在建造原因,形制,建造意义等方面的异同,探寻二者的共性和特殊性。希望能为中国网络的“互惠互通”提供建议;向中国构建互联网话语权的基本框架提供一定帮助;为治理体系的制度创新和能力建设提供经验;对中国互联网发展与治理理念与哲学的更细致阐述贡献力量。最后,通过对历史发展的演变的辨析我们得出历史是有相似性的,我国因为要抵御外敌修建了万里长城,当代我们为了抵御他国的文化入侵要修建互联网长城,这是很有必要的。
Through case study and documentation, this group compares and analyses the similarities and differences between the defense system of the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty and the Great Wall of Internet of China in terms of construction reasons, shape and significance, and explores the commonness and particularity of the two. I hope to provide suggestions for the "reciprocal exchange" of China's Internet, help China to build the basic framework of Internet discourse power, provide experience for institutional innovation and capacity building of governance system, and contribute to the development of China's Internet and the elaboration of governance philosophy and philosophy. Finally, through the analysis of the evolution of history, we can conclude that history is similar. Because our country built the Great Wall to resist foreign enemies, it is necessary for us to build the Great Wall of the Internet in order to resist the cultural invasion of other countries.